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Burnout in Nonhospital Psychiatric Residential Facilities

Dr. Pedrini, Dr. Magni, Dr. Giovannini, Dr. Rossi, and Dr. Placentino are affiliated with the Psychiatric Unit and Dr. Zacchi is with the Medical Service Office, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, San Giovanni di Dio, Fatebenefratelli, via Pilastroni, 4 Brescia 25125, Italy (e-mail: lpedrini{at}fatebenefratelli.it). Ms. Panetta is with the Medical Statistics and Information Technology Unit, Fatebenefratelli Association for Research, Rome, Italy.

OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated levels and risk factors of burnout in a sample of mental health professionals employed in nonhospital psychiatric residential facilities of northern Italy. METHODS: Nurses, nurse assistants, and educators completed a questionnaire evaluating demographic variables, burnout (Maslach Burnout Inventory), job characteristics (Job Diagnostic Survey), workload, relationships with colleagues, and support from supervising coordinators. A total of 202 (83% response rate) questionnaires were analyzed. Logistic linear regressions were used to estimate predictors of burnout dimensions. RESULTS: Burnout risk was widespread. Low feedback about job performance, poor support from coordinators, and young age predicted emotional exhaustion. Low feedback about job performance predicted feelings of depersonalization. Low task identity and young age predicted reduced feelings of personal accomplishment. CONCLUSIONS: Interventions to prevent burnout among employees should be developed. These include providing feedback about performance, clearly identifying the tasks of the job, and providing support.

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